The exploratory opinion requested by the Commission and by the Presidency of the Council of the EU focuses on general-purpose AI models (GPAI), their use by institutions, bodies and businesses and the impact they have. Based on the consultations and opinion´s findings, the EESC believes that to be competitive in GPAI, Europe must invest in secure connectivity and backbone infrastructure as well as in a resilient supply chain to ensure that generative AI can be harnessed for European players and aligned with Europe´s values and needs. A coordinated European and national investment in innovation is needed, and the tools of competition policy need to be mobilised in order to combat a market concentration dominated by large, often non-European, digital companies.
The purpose of the AI Liability Directive is to lay down uniform rules for access to information and alleviation of the burden of proof in relation to damages caused by AI systems, establishing broader protection for victims (be it individuals or businesses), and fostering the AI sector by increasing guarantees. It will harmonise certain rules for claims outside of the scope of the Product Liability Directive, in cases in which damage is caused due to wrongful behaviour.
L'Acte sur la Résilience Cybernétique vise à établir les exigences en matière de cybersécurité pour les produits et logiciels connectés (intégrés et non intégrés). Cette initiative vise à répondre aux besoins du marché et à protéger les consommateurs contre les produits non sécuritaires en instaurant des règles communes de cybersécurité pour les fabricants et les fournisseurs de produits numériques tangibles et intangibles et de services auxiliaires.
The EESC welcomes the Data Act Regulation and highlights the need to implement it without any discrimination against people who have difficulty accessing the internet or data. The EESC considers it important to guarantee respect of safety and ethical standards, multiple and sufficient conditions for data functionality, cybersecurity procedures and the proper storage of data on EU territory, on the assumption that individuals should be in control of the data they generate in accordance with the objectives of strategic autonomy and technological independence.
Micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) face challenges in the area of digitalisation and access to artificial intelligence, but this segment can take great advantage of the opportunities offered by artificial intelligence.
The main objective of the opinion is to propose concrete measures which can be easily implemented in order to avoid MSMEs being “left behind” from the transition to artificial intelligence. The main issues to be addressed are: the use of new technologies to offer innovative products and services and strengthen Europe’s capacity to invest in disruptive innovations; create closer links in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) between universities and public administration, on the one hand, and businesses, in particular SMEs and micro-enterprises, on the other; support the MSMEs in recruiting and ensuring skills development for their employees to cope with the technological changes brought about by AI; facilitate the access to EU funding.
Download — EMSK arvamus: Developing Artificial Intelligence in European micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs)
The EESC is pleased that the proposal puts health, safety and fundamental rights at its centre and is global in scope. In line with its long advocated "human-in-command" approach to AI, the EESC strongly recommends that the AIA provide for certain decisions to remain the prerogative of humans.
Download — EMSK arvamus: Regulation on artificial intelligence
