A human-centred approach to migration: the EESC’s contribution to EU policy

On World Refugee Day (20 June), the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) reaffirms its long-standing commitment to a fair, humane and comprehensive European approach to migration, asylum and refugees: one that upholds fundamental rights while recognising the social and economic contributions of people on the move.

Across its recent opinions, the EESC has consistently advocated for a balanced, rights-based framework that goes beyond emergency responses and security-driven narratives, and instead promotes sustainable, inclusive and forward-looking migration policies.

Building legal pathways and ensuring dignity

A cornerstone of the EESC’s work is the promotion of safe, legal and well-managed migration pathways. In its opinion "Enhancing legal and organised labour migration to the EU", the Committee emphasises that labour migration policies must be grounded in human rights, the rule of law and the integration of third-country nationals into European societies and labour markets. 

The EESC highlights the need for policies that respond to Europe’s demographic and labour market needs while ensuring fair recruitment, equal rights and decent working conditions for migrant workers. 

It also calls for strengthened international partnerships that benefit both countries of origin and destination, including through skills development, mobility schemes and “brain circulation” rather than brain drain. 

At the same time, the Committee stresses that migration policies must not be reduced to a security agenda, but should recognise migrants’ role in contributing to economic growth, social cohesion and innovation. 

A comprehensive and coherent migration system

The EESC has repeatedly underlined the importance of policy coherence across all areas of migration governance, including asylum, return, integration and border management.

In its opinion on the proposed common EU return system (entitled "Establishing a common system for the return of third-country nationals staying illegally in the Union"), the Committee insists that return policies must be embedded in a broader strategy that promotes legal pathways and ensures full compliance with international human rights law. 

It calls for voluntary return to remain the guiding principle, with forced return used only as a last resort, and stresses the need for robust procedural safeguards and individual assessments in all cases. 

Similarly, in its opinion addressing EU funding for migration, asylum and border management, the EESC warns against an overemphasis on security and control at the expense of integration and inclusion policies. 

The Committee highlights that a well-functioning migration system must combine effective management with strong support for integration, social cohesion and respect for fundamental rights. 

Protecting fundamental rights at every stage

Across all its work, the EESC places fundamental rights and human dignity at the centre of EU migration and asylum policy.

It calls for independent monitoring of migration management at borders, in return procedures and in reception systems, to ensure compliance with the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and international obligations. 

It also stresses the importance of safeguarding vulnerable groups and ensuring access to essential services, legal assistance and effective remedies. 

The Committee warns that policies focusing primarily on deterrence or control risk undermining trust, social cohesion and the EU’s credibility as a defender of human rights. 

Supporting refugees and strengthening integration

The EESC strongly advocates for inclusive integration policies that enable migrants and refugees to fully participate in society. This includes access to employment, education, training, housing and healthcare, as well as recognition of qualifications and support for social inclusion.

The Committee also emphasises the crucial role played by civil society organisations, social partners, and local and regional authorities in welcoming and integrating refugees, calling for their closer involvement in the design and implementation of EU policies and funding programmes. 

Looking ahead: a strategic European approach

The EESC continues to contribute to shaping the EU’s migration and asylum agenda, including through its forthcoming opinion a European migration and asylum strategy, which aims to reinforce a comprehensive, forward-looking approach linking internal and external dimensions of migration policy.

A key platform for dialogue is the European Migration Forum, jointly organised by the EESC and the European Commission. The Forum brings together civil society organisations and EU institutions to exchange views, share experiences and help shape more effective and inclusive migration policies. The latest edition focused on harnessing migrants' skills. 

By promoting legal pathways, safeguarding fundamental rights and fostering inclusive societies, the EESC continues to advocate for a European migration policy that is not only effective, but also just and humane.