Key points
The EESC welcomes the timely proposals from the Commission to implement the EU's commitment to reducing its greenhouse gases by 2030 in all sectors of the economy and society. The EESC, however, emphasises the need to simultaneously take into account the global long-term challenge of climate change mitigation. This requires a thorough evaluation of whether the EU's current climate policy approach, with regard to efforts at global, EU and national levels, is appropriate in paving the way for a carbon-neutral world.
With regard to effort sharing, the EESC fully agrees with the view that differences between Member States have to be taken into account to ensure fairness and cost-effectiveness. To achieve genuine cost-effectiveness in a fair way, effort sharing calculations should, however, address both aspects at the same time across all Member States and set the targets in such a way that the relative costs are the same for each country. Due to the shortcomings of effort-sharing, the EESC feels it is important to introduce flexibility mechanisms and develop them further.
Integration of land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF) into the 2030 framework brings a remarkable new element into EU climate policy. Sustainable use and active management of bio-based natural resources, i.e. a sustainable bioeconomy - including sustainable forest management and climate-smart food production - is a key element of this transition. The role of agriculture and forestry calls for a holistic approach from EU climate policy. Both the reduction of emissions and the sequestration of carbon need to be taken into account, as do the challenges of adaptation and food security.
The EESC considers it important for the emission and removal of greenhouse gases to be evaluated scientifically, with transparency and common metrics. It calls on the Commission to develop the accounting rules of land and forest management in such a way that they reflect actual emissions and sequestration rates. In addition, the national forest reference levels need to be established by Member States in accordance with the projected sustainable use of forest resources. It is also important to avoid double accounting of biomass-related emissions of LULUCF in other sectors.
The EESC encourages individual Member States to provide ambitious national, bottom-up policies for the LULUCF sector, with the close involvement of civil society in the process at national, regional and local levels. It also acknowledges that the success of the ambitious proposals requires substantial financial resources.
Related opinions:
- NAT/690 The Road from Paris
- NAT/684 Coalition to deliver commitments of the Paris Agreement
- NAT/675 Revision of the EU emissions trading system
- NAT /676 Circular Economy Package
- NAT/665 Paris Protocol
- TEN/570 Energy Union
- NAT/620 Market-based instruments towards a resource efficient and low carbon economy in the EU
- NAT/636 EU 2030 climate and energy package
- NAT/514 Low Carbon Economy Roadmap 2050
- NAT/554 Land use, land use change and forestry (LULUCF)
- NAT/400 Effort-sharing – GHG emissions up to 2020