EESC info

137 out of the European Economic and Social Committee's 329 members will be new to the EESC as it begins its 2020-2025 term of office in October.

Members starting out at the EESC will begin their term under the constraints of COVID-19, with social distancing and hybrid meetings still being the rule in Brussels as infection rates spike across Europe.

The EESC's 329 members are newly appointed every five years. This time over 40% of them will be new, bringing their fresh outlook, ideas and energy to their work alongside returning members.

Women will make up 33% of members in the new term, up from 27.30% last time and 24.70% in 2010-2015. The countries with the most women members will be Estonia, at 85.71%, and the Czech Republic and Croatia following with 66.67%. At the other end of the scale, Portugal and Cyprus have no women in their representation. Sweden has a perfect gender balance.

The youngest member is 27, while the most senior, who is to chair the plenary session which will elect the EESC's new leadership, is 76.

Members are appointed for a period of five years by the Council, based on nominations from Member States. The full list of members for the new term – to run from 2020 to 2025 – will soon be available on the EESC's website.

The 329 new or reconfirmed members are scheduled to meet for the first time in Brussels on 27 October. On 28 October, they will elect a new president and two vice-presidents (the latter for Communication and Budget) for a term of two and a half years. 

The position of president rotates between the Committee's three groups (Employers, Workers and Diversity Europe). The two previous presidents were elected from the Workers and Diversity Europe Groups.

Each member will join one of the three Groups, which will also elect their own Group president for a renewable two-and-a-half-year term.

The EESC's main role is to advise EU lawmakers (the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Council) on draft legislation and policies through the work of its six sections and one consultative commission, which cover a wide range of policy areas, such as social, economic, agricultural, environmental and transport issues.  (dm)

On 17 September, the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) hosted its end-of-term ceremony during the last plenary session before its next term in October. Luca Jahier, EESC president since April 2018, expressed his gratitude to all of the members and highlighted the important contribution of the civil society organisations represented at the EESC to the European project.

In his last speech as president, Luca Jahier spoke about the main priorities of his term, namely sustainable development, a strengthened EU-Africa relationship, EU enlargement, and culture as a unifying element in Europe. He also highlighted the contribution made by the EESC in the last few years to tackling the challenges facing the EU: for example, the EESC had been the first European institution to propose a European Health Union. He expressed the hope that the EESC could take an active part in the Conference on the Future of Europe proposed by the European Commission and the European Parliament.

The president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, sent a video message praising the "excellent work" done by the EESC in the last five years and its important contribution to the EU legislative procedure.

David Sassoli, president of the European Parliament, also sent a video message expressing his willingness to work more closely with the EESC to create a structured dialogue with organised civil society.

Klara Dobrev, vice-president of the European Parliament, took the floor at the EESC's plenary to highlight the fact that "nothing can change in the world if we don't have the support of the people; and the role of the EESC is to get in touch with organised civil society, with real people, all with different backgrounds and needs". (dgf)

The Coronavirus pandemic is wreaking havoc on Europe's tourism sector. In six months' time half of the businesses may be gone unless the EU steps in quickly, says the European Economic and Social Committee in a new opinion.

In a report by Panagiotis Gkofas it adopted in September, the EESC says EU action is needed to keep tourism businesses afloat and their workers employed in the face of the COVID-19 crisis. And there is no time to lose: wait another six months and half of these businesses may have shut up shop.

To back up its claims, the EESC ran an online survey over the summer that involved 175 organisations representing thousands of tourism businesses, which employ hundreds of thousands of workers across the EU.

Their replies to the EESC's questionnaire painted a picture of impending disaster.

88.2% of respondents said the COVID-19 crisis had impacted them "very negatively", 80.6% predicted its effects would hit them even harder in the long term and 45% said they did not expect to survive in 2021.

The report was drawn up in response to the European Commission's Communication Tourism and transport in 2020 and beyond.

The tourism sector in the EU is estimated to be losing around EUR 1 billion in revenue per month and could slough off 6.4 million jobs in 2020 as a result of COVID-19.

To kickstart the industry, the EU must first and foremost act to restore people's confidence in the safety of travel, says the EESC.

Pending a vaccine, the EESC supports the idea of an EU health passport with a harmonised Passenger Locator Form (PLF) and QR codes combined with a multilingual Health Assistance Platform.

People could use the QR code to access information and health services in the country they are visiting and have emergency access to health and social security systems.

Another top priority is to make liquidity available to tourism businesses and their employees as soon as possible, as the lack of cashflow is threatening their very survival.

In the EESC's view, the SURE programme to mitigate unemployment should provide relief for unemployed tourism sector workers and wage compensation for SMEs until at least 30 June 2021.

The Committee also believes the EU should set up a mechanism to monitor the implementation of support measures, since many of the participants in the survey complained that no financial help had been forthcoming after the EU announced it was making funds available. (dm)

The European Economic and Social Committee has adopted an opinion on Decent minimum wages across Europe in which it gave its contribution to the ongoing EU-wide debate on the subject.

This exploratory opinion was requested by the European Parliament, following the Commission's  announcement that it was considering proposing a legal instrument to ensure that every EU worker is entitled to a minimum wage allowing a decent standard of living.

In the opinion, the EESC argued that fair minimum wages could help reduce poverty among working poor people, combined with person-centred, integrated and active inclusion policies.

However, it stressed that any such EU initiative must be shaped on the basis of an accurate analysis of the situation in the Member States, and must fully respect the social partners' role and autonomy, as well as the different industrial relations models.

As for the way ahead, the three groups within the EESC, representing the EU's employers, trade unions and civil society organisations, have expressed divergent views.

On behalf of the EESC's Employers' Group, rapporteur Stefano Mallia said: "The Employers' Group believes that the EU has no competence over pay, and pay levels in particular, and that setting minimum wages is a national matter, done in accordance with the specific features of respective national systems. Any misguided action on the part of the EU must be avoided, especially at this particular point in time. Where the social partners need support, we should look into addressing specific needs by promoting exchanges of best practices and capacity-building and not fall into the trap of coming up with a one-size-fits all approach that could have serious negative consequences."

Representing the EESC Workers' Group, rapporteur Oliver Röpke said: "Ensuring that workers across the EU benefit from decent minimum wages must be an essential part of the EU's recovery strategy. For the Workers' Group, it is indisputable that all workers should be protected by fair minimum wages allowing a decent standard of living wherever they work. Collective bargaining remains the most effective way of guaranteeing fair wages and must also be strengthened and promoted in all the Member States. We therefore welcome the Commission's recognition that there is scope for EU action to promote the role of collective bargaining in supporting minimum wage adequacy and coverage." (ll)

The climate emergency the world is facing today has mobilised millions of young people around the world, many of whom are profoundly affected by the threat it poses for their future. At the same time, it is young people who have repeatedly demonstrated their energy, creativity and motivation to challenge current unsustainable models and spur decision-makers to adopt ambitious policies. A wide gap nevertheless remains between listening to them, and actually acting upon what they say.

In this opinion, the EESC seeks to narrow this gap, considering structured and formal involvement of youth to be crucial at all stages of EU decision-making processes.

"Europe, and the world, needs ambition, leadership and action. Our systems are based on borrowing from the future, it's time now to start investing in it", stressed Cillian Lohan, rapporteur for the opinion.

In this context, the EESC proposes setting up Youth Climate and Sustainability Round Tables to be hosted by the EESC in collaboration with the Commission and the Parliament, as well as the inclusion of a youth delegate in the official EU delegation to UNFCCC COP meetings.

This is a once-in-a-generation opportunity to redress systemic inequalities and transition towards a better future. (mr)

The EESC has for years been at the forefront of promoting a comprehensive EU food policy, with the aim of providing healthy diets from sustainable food systems, linking agriculture to nutrition and ecosystem services and ensuring supply chains that protect public health for the whole of European society.

In the Committee's view, the proposed Farm to Fork strategy does not reflect these objectives sufficiently.

A crucial tool for accomplishing the strategy is the Common Agriculture Policy (CAP) budget, as it represents around 40% of total EU expenditure. Therefore, the CAP budget should be increased in line with those objectives.

The strategy also fails to address the issue of sustainable land management and access to land, one of the main obstacles to renewing the farming population. At the same time, the income-support function of CAP payments is vital and will remain so for years to come, even as steps are taken to ensure that food prices reflect true production costs.

Another major concern for EU farmers is that of having to compete with imported products that do not meet the targets set for sustainability. Therefore, the EESC calls on the EU to ensure genuinely reciprocal standards in preferential trade agreements.

Europe and the world have a long way to go to become fully sustainable. Europe has the tools and the know-how to get there. Let's prove that we also have the necessary political will and commitment, and show the way to others,says the EESC.(mr)

The European Economic and Social Committee has urged the EU and the Member States to work to clarify terms of employment in the platform economy, as a lack of standardised definitions of both workers' and employers' status can complicate the application of labour legislation and many labour protection rights.

The main concepts that need clarifying are those defining platforms as "supply and demand intermediaries" rather than "employers". This leads to workers being considered as "self-employed" rather than "employed", often stripping them of legal and social protection, including health and safety at work or employment protection, the importance of which has come to the fore in particular during the current pandemic.

As their yardstick for determining whether a worker is employed or self-employed, the EESC suggested that the EU and Member States should adopt the concept of economic dependence and subordination. It also said that the EU and Member States should give careful consideration to adopting the principle that a worker is regarded as an employee in the absence of proof to the contrary. However, genuinely self-employed workers should be able to keep that status if they so wish.

Identifying work flexibility and autonomy, supplementary income for workers and easier access for vulnerable people to employment as among the benefits brought by the platform economy, the EESC also warned of the risks, which were not be underestimated.

Aside from workers who risk having their basic rights denied, including their rights to organise themselves and to collective bargaining, there are also threats for society as a whole, given the increased risk of competition based on undercutting social standards. This also has harmful consequences both for employers, who are subject to unsustainable competitive pressure, and for Member States, who lose tax revenue and social security contributions.

The EESC put forward its arguments in the opinion Fair work in the platform economy, adopted at its September plenary session and drafted at the request of the German EU presidency. The rapporteur of the opinion was the Portuguese member Carlos Manuel Trindade. (ll)

Since 1992, the EU has been trying to implement biodiversity strategies with no significant results. This is due mainly to poor implementation of the legal framework at national level, and to insufficient funding for the necessary measures.

The EESC welcomes the Commission's renewed commitment and efforts to develop a Biodiversity Strategy setting out targets to be reached by 2030, as one of the paths towards achieving the EU Green Deal. 

According to Antonello Pezzini and Lutz Ribbe, rapporteur and co-rapporteur of the EESC report on the draft strategy, this strategy is the way forward in putting Europe's biodiversity at the heart of the post-COVID-19 recovery for the benefit of people, the climate and the planet, bringing nature back into our lives.

The EU needs to significantly increase efforts to protect our remaining natural resources, through awareness-raising and communication campaigns. The EESC also considers it necessary to increase the size of protected areas, in particular strictly protected areas, to restore habitats and combat species decline.

The EESC also stresses that farmers and forest owners cannot be expected to bear the cost of protecting biodiversity. Rather, providing this "public good and value" should become a useful source of income for them.

On the road to the next meeting of the Convention on Biological Diversity in China in 2021, much more must be done to safeguard global biodiversity. It is now time for Europe to assume its leadership role, and convince the other parties that the strategies adopted are worth being followed, urges the EESC. (mr)

The ongoing COVID-19 crisis has shown the fragility of global supply chains. It has also exposed the vulnerability of workers and the adverse social, health and safety impacts of business operations in today's supply chains. At a crucial moment for concrete policy action and decision-making, the German EU Presidency and the European Parliament asked the EESC for its recommendations. In two opinions adopted at its September plenary session, it calls on the European Commission to develop a European Action Plan and bring forward mandatory due diligence obligations in global supply chains.

In an exploratory opinion, the EESC calls for a European Action Plan on human rights, decent work and sustainability in global supply chains, with binding cross-sectoral EU legislation on human rights due diligence and responsible business conduct at its forefront. A broad definition should cover human rights, including workers' and trade union rights, and build on a range of international instruments.

In parallel to its work on the Action Plan, the EESC has been providing its advice to the European Parliament on a European legal initiative introducing mandatory due diligence on human rights and environmental impacts in business practices. The initiative, announced by European Commissioner Didier Reynders in April 2020 and expected in 2021, will make it legally binding for companies operating in the EU to identify, prevent, mitigate and account for the negative impacts of their activities on human and workers' rights and on the environment. (dgf)

Securing sustainable access to raw materials, including metals, industrial minerals and construction raw materials, and particularly critical raw materials (CRM), is of huge importance to the European economy, where at least 30 million jobs depend on the availability of raw materials. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is highlighting the importance of digital transformation. 

At its September plenary, and at a crucial moment for the implementation of the Green Deal and the EU recovery plan, the EESC adopted an own-initiative opinion on Digital Mining in Europe: New solutions for the sustainable production of raw materials.

In the opinion, the EESC recommends the digitalisation of the EU raw materials sector as a unique opportunity to enhance the resilience of European industrial supply chains, to improve the environmental performance of the minerals sector and to increase transparency and dialogue with citizens and communities affected by mining activities.

The rapporteur for the opinion Marian Krzaklewski said: ''The digital transformation of the mining sector requires an ambitious effort to enact legal and regulatory changes, and that effort should be made under the umbrella of supranational organisations and at international law level''.

The EESC points out the importance of having a global, comprehensive minerals intelligence network to underpin the digital transformation and informed decision-making at EU level. The Joint Research Centre (JRC) is developing and maintaining a European raw materials information system, which is acknowledged by the EESC.

The EESC believes that the EU and the Member States must actively support the digital transformation of the EU mining sector. This is a crucial step in increasing the resilience of the EU industry and the raw materials value chain. Mines using digital technologies, including integrated automation, cognitive networks and real-time analytics, are more efficient, clean and safe. Reduced environmental footprints and safer environments are easier to achieve in "smart mines", and this is crucial to getting the "social licence" to operate in Europe. (ks)

The EESC calls on the European Commission to develop a comprehensive roadmap for the recovery of European aviation as a whole, with specific resources to support all sub-sectors and their workforces.

In the opinion put together by Thomas Kropp and adopted at the September plenary session, the Committee argues that an ambitious, coordinated policy response is needed, making a clear distinction between an initial recovery phase, in the short term, and the need to secure the international competitiveness of the sector and a level playing field in the medium to long terms.

Speaking from the sidelines of the plenary session, Mr Kropp commented: "Although aviation has faced crises before, this one is unprecedented. According to updated estimates, the sector will not fully recover before 2024. The EU and other international bodies have yet to coordinate regulatory measures to establish international standards. Aviation is not only about airlines: it is also about other important players, such as airports, air navigation service providers, ground handlers and other service providers, which all need to be considered in the search for solutions."

Generally speaking, the Commission must look for a proper balance between the recovery measures and the financial requirements arising from the European Green Deal, avoiding imposing additional regulatory burdens, particularly in the recovery phase, as the entire sector is extremely fragile financially.(mp)

The energy transition requires a clear political vision, as it is not just a technological issue but also a profoundly social challenge. In the opinion drafted by Lutz Ribbe and Thomas Kattnig and adopted at the Committee's September plenary session, the EESC stresses that the future energy system will need to have both centralised and decentralised elements, but that its organisation cannot be left to chance.

During the debate, Mr Ribbe said: "A clear vision is needed as to whether decentralisation or centralisation should be prioritised. After all, Europe's energy transition first and foremost requires investment certainty for both the public and private sectors, which can only be achieved if clear fundamental decisions are made."

Echoing his words, Mr Kattnig added: "Workers, trade unions and consumers must be involved in the energy transition, as promised by policy-makers and strongly called for by the EESC. However, here too, the Commission and the Member States leave more questions open than they answer. Furthermore, current energy policy initiatives will prevent, rather than encourage, broad public participation."

Centralised and decentralised systems both have advantages and disadvantages. In a centralised system, value creation is typically concentrated on a small number of players. In a decentralised system, however, consumers can contribute as active customers, citizen energy communities, farmers, SMEs and municipal companies. (mp)

The European Commission's 2020 economic governance review is timely and should pave the way for a comprehensive reform, making a 'turn' to a revised and rebalanced framework instead of a 'return to normal'.

In an opinion drafted by Judith Vorbach and Tommaso Di Fazio and adopted at the September plenary, the EESC argues that a new economic policy is needed at EU level - one that focuses on prosperity to promote people's well-being and on a range of key policy objectives, such as sustainable and inclusive growth, full employment and decent work, fair distribution of material wealth, public health and quality of life, environmental sustainability, financial market and price stability, well-balanced trade relations, a competitive social market economy and stable public finances.

Urging the Commission and the Member States to resume their reflection on the current EU rules in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, Ms Vorbach said: "We urgently need to revise and modernise the economic governance framework. It should be more balanced and have prosperity at its heart, promoting the well-being of people in Europe. Nobody must be left behind. One way to do this is to apply the "golden rule" for public investment to safeguard productivity and the social and ecological base for the well-being of future generations. Further important points are ensuring sufficient public revenues, a fair taxation policy and mitigating the influence of economically questionable indicators on policy-making. Also essential will be closer involvement of the European Parliament, of the social partners and of civil society as a whole."

Echoing her words, Mr Di Fazio added: "The COVID-19 crisis is a massive shock, requiring full financial power. Harmony of purpose is needed to contain the economic and social consequences of this pandemic and to share the burden of the resulting damage equitably within and between Member States. Important short-term measures have already been established, such as the activation of the fiscal framework's general escape clause. However, instead of going for a 'return to normal' too quickly, we must take a leap forward and make a 'turn' towards a revised economic vision, one that steps up investment in training, research and development, and strategic productive activities." (mp)

The new revised EU urban and territorial agenda must address the effects of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and cohesion policy could be the right tool to deal with Europe's economic recovery. In two opinions adopted at the September plenary, the EESC takes stock of EU territorial policies and maps a way forwards.

In the first opinion, Petr Zahradník and Roman Haken focus on the revision of the Leipzig Charter on Sustainable European Cities and endorse the calls made in the new Territorial Agenda 2030 for a just and green Europe and for a more robust territorial dimension in all policies and at all levels of governance.

At local level, the keywords for the future must be the integration, sustainability and resilience of cities and regions. Speaking at the plenary session, Petr Zahradník said: "The potential for implementing integrated projects in territorial and urban development is huge and so are the benefits associated with this approach in terms of synergising the effects, saving costs and making functional connections."

Adding to this, Roman Haken stated: "Considering the effects of climate change, the use of resources and the need to reduce environmental risks, the sustainability and resilience of cities and regions cannot be addressed separately. For this reason, the Urban Agenda should be coordinated as closely as possible with territorial cohesion policy."

Cohesion is thus vital; it is also at the heart of an opinion drafted by Gonçalo Lobo Xavier, in which the EESC says that it could be the ideal tool to deal with the many challenges posed by the coronavirus pandemic and calls on the Commission to take action. "We must act urgently and respond swiftly; the financial means to help and support Member States must be deployed in keeping with the relevant criteria, but also with courage", said Mr Lobo Xavier. "More than ever, Europe needs a differential approach to a single challenge." (mp)