Commission européenne:
Documents de réference plus larges:
- COM(2020) 767 final du 25.11.2020 - Gouvernance européenne des données (acte sur la gouvernance des données)
- COM(2021) 102 final du 4.3.2021 - Plan d'action sur le socle européen des droits sociaux
- COM(2020) 276 final du 1.7.2020 - Soutenir l'emploi des jeunes: un pont vers l'emploi pour la prochaine génération
- COM(2020) 682 final du 28.10.2020 - Des salaires minimaux adéquats dans l'Union européenne
Sites web spécialisés:
- Améliorer les conditions de travail dans le cadre du travail via des plateformes
- Plan d'action sur le socle européen des droits sociaux (uniquement en anglais)
- Les 20 principes clés du socle européen des droits sociaux
- L'économie sociale dans l'UE (uniquement en anglais)
- Une Europe adaptée à l'ère du numérique: la Commission propose de nouvelles règles pour les plateformes numériques
- COLLEEM (Collaborative Economy) research project
- Coopératives (uniquement en anglais)
Études et analyses:
- Digital Labour Platforms in Europe: Numbers, profiles, and employment status of platform workers (2019) (uniquement en anglais)
This report explores three issues related to the growing phenomenon of Digital Labour Platforms: firstly, how to measure platform work as a form of employment incorporating elements such as regularity of provision, time allocated and income generated; on this basis, and drawing on a new dedicated survey (COLLEEM), the article quantifies and categorises platform work into sporadic, secondary and main. Secondly, it provides an empirical investigation of the association between individual characteristics, such as gender, age, family composition, education and motivation, and the probability of carrying out particular types of platform work, such as microtasking, creative services, software development, transportation and so on. The analysis highlights substantial heterogeneity in the attributes and motivations of the workers performing different tasks. Finally, it discusses the employment status of platform workers and provides some descriptive statistics suggesting that a large share of platform workers perceive themselves as employees, even though they are in most cases legally considered self-employed.
- New evidence on platform workers in Europe, Results from the second COLLEEM survey (2020) (uniquement en anglais)
- Behavioural study on the effects of an extension of access to social protection for people in all forms of employment (2020) (uniquement en anglais)
The need of combining activation and social protection policies is especially challenging when dealing with Non-Standard Work (NSW) as this entails accessibility, transferability and transparency issues. To the best of our knowledge there is no in-depth European multi-country study on the subjects’ attitudes and perceptions on social protection specifically for NSW. Thus, the objective of this study is to gather evidence in support of the European Commission initiative aiming at providing adequate social protection regardless the type of employment contract, in particular on: a) people currently and prospectively on non-standard employment; b) self-employed (with and without employees); c) employers; d) unemployed; e) standard employees.
- Social security coordination and non-standard forms of employment and self-employment: interrelation, challenges and prospects (2018) (uniquement en anglais)
New forms of organising work, non-standard forms of employment and new forms of self-employment are contributing to the diversity in the labour market across the Member States. They can be observed in the heterogeneity of the forms of employment that are distinct from those based on individual permanent employment contracts, which have dominated employment relationships for decades. Moreover, they influence the time dedicated to work and related income, both of which may be distinct from individual permanent employment contracts. The purpose of this report is to acknowledge this diversity by exploring how this diversity is classified under national social security law and by identifying any resulting problems for social security coordination when non-standard employed and self-employed workers move within the EU.
- An overview of European Platforms: Scope and Business Models (2017) (uniquement en anglais)
Parlement européen:
Études et analyses:
- What future for the social economy? (2020) (uniquement en anglais)
Comité économique et social européen:
Études et analyses:
Sites web spécialisés:
Publications extérieures:
- Non-standard forms of employment: Recent trends and future prospects (2020, Eurofound) (uniquement en anglais)
This report examines developments in non-standard employment over the last decade. It looks at trends in the main categories of non-standard employment – temporary, temporary agency and part-time work and self-employment – based mainly on data from the European Union Labour Force Survey. It discusses some aspects of the labour market situation of workers in these categories including wages and the extent to which they would prefer a standard employment status. The report includes a specific focus on work mediated by digital platforms, which is the most innovative of the new forms of employment that have emerged in the past decade. Digital platform work is thought to have considerable potential for growth but also to present challenges related to working conditions and social protection. Social protection issues surrounding other new forms of employment, as identified in earlier Eurofound research, are also highlighted.
Stakeholder groups:
- CECOP (the European confederation of industrial and service cooperatives) (uniquement en anglais)
- Cooperatives Europe (uniquement en anglais)