Cost of living

  • The European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) has launched work on a major package of recommendations to tackle the cost-of-living crisis, starting with four new opinions adopted at its April plenary session. This marks the first block in a series of eight opinions, each developed by a different EESC section and focused on a specific aspect of the crisis — from economic fallout to social cohesion, employment, sustainability, and more.

  • In the opinion, ECO recommends

    • Creating a permanent EU economic resilience monitoring system to anticipate and mitigate future shocks.
    • Establishing a permanent EU-level fiscal stabilisation tool, building on the experience of NextGenerationEU.
    • Launching a €700 billion annual investment strategy (1% of EU GDP) focused on infrastructure, energy security, and digitalisation.
    • Identifying and addressing the 20 most critical supply chain dependencies.

    … 

    • The rising cost of living has impacted competitiveness and social costs. Services of general interest (SGIs) can ensure access to essential services for a decent life and can mitigate the impact of inflation and crises due to their non-profit-driven spirit.
    • The EESC advocates greater scope for long-term investment in social infrastructure and emphasizes the importance of public investment in accessible and affordable housing.
    • Reducing fossil fuel subsidies can provide short-term support for vulnerable households and more durable solutions for decarbonised electricity and heating systems, renovations and access to affordable SGIs.
  • Adopted on 19/06/2025 - Bureau decision date: 05/12/2024
    Reference
    REX/596-EESC-2025
    Employers - GR I
    Greece
    Civil Society Organisations - GR III
    Cyprus
    Plenary session number
    597
    -
    • Record of proceedings REX/596
    • Follow-up from the Commission REX/596
    Download format:
    Download — EESC opinion: Fragmentation of supply chains and impact on the cost of living
  • Adopted on 19/06/2025 - Bureau decision date: 05/12/2024
    Reference
    SOC/823-EESC-2025
    Workers - GR II
    Spain
    Plenary session number
    597
    -

    In this opinion, the EESC is presenting several recommendations to mitigate the effects of the cost-of -living crisis. These include:

    • investment in people and the economy, fair taxation, quality and affordable public services and  targeted support for the most vulnerable;
    • short- and long-term industrial policy and efforts to boost competitiveness;
    • stronger use of social dialogue, collective bargaining, and civil dialogue to address labour market challenges;
    • wage and minimum wage increase as way of protection;
    • more investments in  education as a powerful preventive tool against exclusion, marginalisation, and inequality
    • Record of proceedings SOC/823
    • Follow-up from the Commission SOC/823
    Download format:
    Download — EESC opinion: How to address the loss of purchasing power and the risk of rising inequalities, exclusion and marginalization
  • Adopted on 18/06/2025 - Bureau decision date: 05/12/2024
    Reference
    CCMI/239-EESC-2025
    Employers - GR I
    Spain
    Workers - GR II
    Slovakia
    Plenary session number
    597
    -
    • Record of proceedings CCMI/239
    Download format:
    Download — EESC opinion: Reindustrialisation of Europe – opportunity for businesses, employees and citizens in the context of the cost-of-living crisis
  • Adopted on 17/07/2025 - Bureau decision date: 05/12/2024
    Reference
    ECO/660-EESC-2025-00091
    Plenary session number
    598
    -
    • Record of Proceedings ECO/660
    • Follow-up from the Commission ECO/660
    Download format:
    Download — EESC opinion: Recommendations of organised civil society to address the cost-of-living crisis
  • Adopted on 30/04/2025 - Bureau decision date: 05/12/2024
    Reference
    TEN/846-EESC-2024
    Workers - GR II
    Austria
    Plenary session number
    596
    -
    • Record of proceedings TEN/846
    Download format:
    Download — EESC opinion: Price hikes in transport, energy and housing: the role of quality public services in tackling the high cost of living
  • Adopted on 30/04/2025 - Bureau decision date: 05/12/2024
    Reference
    ECO/661-EESC-2024-04534
    Civil Society Organisations - GR III
    Romania
    Plenary session number
    596
    -

    This own-initiative opinion constitutes the contribution of the ECO section to the 2025 EESC transversal own-initiative opinion package on the cost-of-living crisis, looking at specific economic policy measures that can help make the European economy future-proof.

    • Record of proceedings ECO/661
    Download format:
    Download — EESC opinion: Measures for a resilient, cohesive and inclusive European economy
  • Adopted on 29/04/2025 - Bureau decision date: 05/12/2024
    Reference
    INT/1078-EESC-2025-00004-00-00-AC-TRA
    Employers - GR I
    France
    Plenary session number
    596
    -

    This own-initiative opinion will examine the impact of single market fragmentation on the cost of living and competitiveness and look into successful EU initiatives to tackle such issues. It will aim at proposing possible solutions, with particular attention to consumer protection, to the cost-of-living crisis.

    • Record of proceedings INT/1078
    Download format:
    Download — EESC opinion: How single market dysfunctionalities contribute to the rising cost of living