This paper examines the labour-market implications of artificial intelligence (AI) focusing on employment, distribution, and economic governance within the European Union. It presents the reader with the complicated literature around automation technologies, and their impacts on labour. Arguing that AI represents a qualitatively new phase of automation but continues to demonstrate similar trends to previous waves, only this time targeting routine cognitive and white-collar jobs.
The study assesses how a prospective EU Just Transition Directive (JTD) could shape the social and employment outcomes of the European Green Deal. Drawing on literature review, stake-holder interviews, foresight-based PESTEL scenario building and partial-equilibrium projections, it develops business-as-usual, as well as weak and strong JTD scenarios to 2045. The scenarios focus on seven Member States representing diverse welfare and production regimes.
This publication marks the EESC’s renewed call for an EU Blue Deal in 2025, incorporating into the Declaration the new recommendations adopted since the launch of the call in October 2023.
Report on the country visit to Romania – 11-12 June 2024 and Authorities’ observations on the report
The report relays the views of Romanian civil society on freedom of association, freedom of assembly, the rule of law. This report has been communicated to the Romanian authorities, which in turn submitted their reply.
Report on the country visit to Hungary – 23-24 June 2025 and Authorities’ observations on the report
The report relays the views of Hungarian civil society on freedom of association, freedom of assembly, the rule of law. This report has been communicated to the Hungarian authorities, which in turn submitted their reply.
Report on the country visit to Albania – 2-3 April 2025 and Authorities’ observations on the report
The report relays the views of Albanian civil society on freedom of association, freedom of assembly, the rule of law. This report has been communicated to the Albanian authorities, which in turn submitted their reply.
A Unified Legal Framework to Support Growth and Business
This study, commissioned by the EESC, offers a comprehensive analysis of the concept, rationale, historical evolution, and future prospects of the 28th regime in EU law.
Opportunities and drawbacks towards the reduction of GHG emissions in agriculture
This study evaluates the environmental, social, and economic impacts of digitalisation based on a literature review and case studies in Estonia, Germany, Romania, and Spain
This study examines how social partners and civil society organisations in six Member States — Italy, Austria, Hungary, Poland, Portugal and Sweden — view the effectiveness of current policies in raising employment levels and increasing adult participation in training. It also puts forward recommendations for improving policy outcomes.
