European Economic
and Social Committee
PUBLIC SERVICES: NOT A COST, BUT AN INVESTMENT IN DEMOCRACY
Public services should not primarily be regarded as a cost to public finances, but as a strategic investment in democracy, social cohesion, economic development and the functioning of the EU. This is the core message of an opinion adopted by the European Economic and Social Committee (EESC) on how the sector can adapt to new challenges in the EU.
The argument is particularly relevant in the context of crises. Demographic change, digitalisation, climate-related disasters, hybrid threats and health emergencies are increasing the demands placed on public administrations. In the opinion The public service sector in the EU adapted to new challenges, adopted at the September plenary session, the EESC argues that investing in preparedness and maintaining sufficient public-service capacity can ultimately be less expensive than dealing with the consequences of crises once they occur.
‘Public services that are well-resourced, accessible and staffed by competent and motivated personnel are the bedrock of just states, democracy and the ability to respond to threats’, said rapporteur of the opinion Mateusz Szymański. ‘Unfortunately, a negative narrative regarding their usefulness and costs undermines their authority and erodes trust in public institutions’.
Public services perform essential state functions, promote equal treatment and are also necessary for businesses and the functioning of the economy. Recent crises, including COVID-19, hybrid threats from Russia and severe weather events, have demonstrated the importance of preparedness and continuity of services.
The EESC argues that maintaining adequate public-service capacity can cost less than dealing with the consequences of unforeseen crises.
Digitalisation and artificial intelligence can improve efficiency and accessibility, provided that transparency, human oversight and data protection are guaranteed.
According to Eurostat, in 2025, 72% of EU residents aged 16-74 used a public authority website or app, compared with 70% in 2024 and 67.6% in 2022. Figures range from 98% in Denmark and 96% in the Netherlands, Finland and Sweden, to 24% in Romania, 36% in Bulgaria and 57.7% in Italy.
The EESC insists that traditional channels and direct human contact must remain available, particularly for vulnerable citizens.
Staff shortages, low wages and declining job security are making public-service careers less attractive, while excessive workloads contribute to stress and burnout.
The Committee calls for stable employment, career development, continuous training, better work-life balance and stronger occupational health and safety. (ab)